Russia planning 'grey zone operations'? Why is Europe intuitively spooked

Europe fears Vladimir Putin may be preparing to test Nato somewhere beyond Ukraine's borders. (AP photo)

What if Russia strikes Nato territory, but makes it look like an accident?That is the possibility now worrying Europe. Polish prime minister Donald Tusk has warned that Russia could strike Nato territory and make it appear accidental: what is considered a "deniable grey-zone operation".Britain has urged its citizens to keep tinned food and water at home, while Germany is readying hospitals for mass casualties.Even Switzerland, a country that has avoided military alliances for two centuries, has adopted a security strategy built around defending itself if attacked. None of this appears to be a coincidence. It reflects a shared, growing fear that Vladimir Putin may be preparing to test Nato somewhere beyond Ukraine's borders.

The shadow war

Much of what worries Western officials is not a tank invasion but something harder to pin down. Drones drifting into Baltic airspace, sabotage at airports, cyberattacks, plots involving criminal networks operating far from Russia's own territory.Individually, each incident can be denied or dismissed as an accident but likely form a pattern that lets Moscow probe Nato's resolve without technically starting a war.

One flashpoint that keeps coming up is the Suwałki Gap, a narrow strip of land barely 65 miles wide connecting Poland to the Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.If that corridor were ever cut off, even briefly, it would sever the Baltics from the rest of the alliance and force a very uncomfortable question.Would all 32 Nato members actually go to war over such a small piece of territory, especially one that could reignite fears of nuclear escalation? Nobody in Washington, Berlin or Paris can promise a confident yes, and that uncertainty is precisely what Moscow may be trying to exploit.

Watching the calendar

Russia Duma elections, held from 18 to 20 September, are now behind it, and it has been widely believed the result was never in doubt given how tightly the process is controlled by the Kremlin. What matters more to European planners is what comes after. Domestic elections tend to absorb a regime's attention and resources.With that distraction removed, some officials fear Putin may feel freer to escalate pressure on Nato's eastern flank, whether through further drone incursions, sabotage, or a more deliberate military manoeuvre designed to test the alliance's unity.Lithuania's prime minister, Mindaugas Sinkevičius, has been unusually candid about the mood on the ground as he told the BBC his country has drawn up plans for a "variety of scenarios", including how to move elderly residents out of cities "smoothly" if the worst happened."We face concrete threats, not on a daily basis, but we're experiencing them and it's a true reality for us," Lithuania PM said.Lithuania borders the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad and has already seen Nato jets scramble to shoot down a drone that entered its airspace, an incident Britain's defence secretary described by saying "we stand united, around the clock, in defence of every inch of Nato territory."