DR Congo Ebola deaths top 5,000, cases recorded in other African nations

Deaths in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s (DRC’s) Ebola outbreak have topped 5,000 as the country grapples with the relentless spread of the disease and cases are recorded in other African countries, the latest government data on Saturday shows.

Data from the government’s Ministry of Health showed that the disease has killed 5,026 people out of 10,351 infected, at a nearly 50 per cent lethality rate. The surge is sparking concerns among experts regarding the authorities’ ability to contain the deadly virus.

The latest outbreak, caused by the Bundibugyo virus, was declared in mid-May, catching authorities by surprise. They have since struggled to manage it.

It is already the second deadliest Ebola outbreak in history, second only to a two-year-long West Africa outbreak between 2014 and 2016, which killed 11,000 people across multiple countries.

“It is a very tragic milestone because it is just not a number,” said Dr Patrick Otim, a programme area manager with the World Health Organization.

“It is families and communities that have been devastated by this outbreak. The number also shows the severity of this outbreak.”

So far, 2,788 people have recovered from the virus. The Bundibugyo virus has no known vaccine or treatment, but health workers treat patients based on symptoms.

One third of people who have died did not receive any care.

Since May, the disease has spread to 67 out of the DRC’s 178 health zones in eight of 26 provinces. Fifty of the affected 67 health zones have active cases.

The virus has been concentrated in the eastern region of the nation, especially in Ituri and North Kivu, which have emerged as the epicentres with 9,782 total confirmed cases and 4,792 total deaths.

Authorities are still struggling with tracing contacts and testing, key components in the race to curb the outbreak.

According to the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, about 80 per cent of new cases are coming from outside the chain of monitored contacts, meaning an overwhelming share of infections are coming from unknown chains of transmission to health authorities.

Also, one third of recorded deaths are victims who have died while not in treatment centres, before being tested for Ebola, WHO’s Otim said.

These issues, health officials say, contribute to community transmission outside of the immediate purview of health workers who can effectively manage infection in accordance with medical protocols.

“These are people we never had the opportunity to try to save them, and it is one of the biggest concerns for us in this outbreak. How do we try to reach people early to get them to come to health facilities to get a fighting chance to survive?” Otim said.

‘The outbreak is stretching everyone responding to it’

The explosive number of infections in the DRC comes on the heels of a long list of issues that have hamstrung efforts to contain the outbreak.

The eastern region, where the outbreak is concentrated, plays host to a conflict between the government and an array of armed groups, most prominently the Rwanda-backed M23 rebel group.

There is also an Islamist insurgency in the border areas with Uganda, where the Allied Democratic Forces carry out attacks, limiting the reach of healthcare workers.

Also, there is widespread disbelief among the population, which has led to a series of attacks on health workers and health facilities.

A nurse was killed while responding to an Ebola alert last week, and a politician from the ruling party was killed in September after advocating on the radio for health measures.

Health workers have gone on multiple strikes, shutting down facilities where they treat infected people, citing long delays in payments by the government.

On Friday, workers at an Ebola treatment centre in Tchomia, in Ituri, downed tools, demanding four months of unpaid wages. At the centre there are currently five confirmed Ebola patients and 10 suspected cases under care.

“We are tired of requesting our salaries. If they want to pay us, they will. … Today, being able to feed our families has become a real problem,” said Moise Mugenyi, one of the striking workers.

Dr Justin Mukonkole, acting head of response operations in Ituri, said the workers should be patient while the government responds to their demands.

Similar situations have played out in other health zones like Beni in North Kivu, where services in some treatment centres have ground to a halt.

Alain Siwako, an elected public official in Beni, said cases are spiralling in Beni because of a lack of fuel and financial resources from the central government.

Both Kenya and Nigeria have confirmed Ebola cases in October. Kenya has confirmed eight cases and two deaths, while Nigeria’s sole confirmed case was evacuated to Switzerland.