I was told I had depression for 14 years until I got sectioned - it was bipolar

Prof Danny Smith, chair of psychiatry at the University of Edinburgh, told the BBC that better "screening" was needed by health professionals, such as asking about symptoms like mania and if patients had a family history of the condition.

His call for screening guidance to be urgently updated is backed by the Royal College of Psychiatrists and charity Bipolar UK.

They say better screening could be "life-saving" as medication for depression can often make people with bipolar more unwell.

During Kimberley's three-month stay in hospital, psychiatrists looked beyond her depression for the first time.

At first she didn't want to accept her bipolar diagnosis but she said years of symptoms eventually made sense.

"When I think about how my life was before my diagnosis, it was so chaotic," Kimberley said.

"Whereas now I'm stable, which is in large part due to the medication."

Jacqui Armstrong also spent years being treated for depression before receiving the correct diagnosis.

The 64-year-old began treatment on various antidepressants from her teenage years and over the next three decades her depressions led to several hospital admissions and a suicide attempt, all while she worked as a teacher in a primary school then a nursery.

"I couldn't even get up the stairs, I was just broken," she said. "I just felt like a huge failure the whole time, thinking 'why can't I get well?'."

Jacqui said that during one episode, she was even given electroconvulsive therapy – a treatment that uses an electric current to induce a controlled seizure.

But she said the signs of bipolar were always there.

As well as frequent depressive periods, she experienced 'hypomania' episodes, spurts of unusually high energy, activity, or mood that were less severe than full mania.

"I would suddenly feel like a confident person, and I had all these ideas, and I was very sociable, thinking how many things can I fit into my diary," she said.

"And then I would energise myself into a breakdown."

It was only during her final hospital admission for depression that a psychiatrist asked Jacqui if she'd ever experienced symptoms of hypomania.

She was then assessed further and diagnosed her with bipolar II – more than 30 years after first seeking help for her mental health.

Meanwhile Kimberley, who had experienced a "full" manic episode that resulted in a break from reality, was diagnosed with bipolar I.

Experts say bipolar II is even harder to diagnose because it involves more frequent depressions and the manic episodes are not as severe, which is why they are dubbed hypomania.

Experts such as Smith believe bipolar disorder is significantly underdiagnosed.

He said about one in 100 people receive a diagnosis during their lifetime but research suggests the true figure could be closer to one in 50.

Studies also suggest patients in the UK typically wait almost a decade between first reporting symptoms and receiving a diagnosis.

Smith said the long delays suggest that people are not being routinely screened properly for symptoms of hypomania or mania which should result in a referral to a psychiatrist to rule out the possibility of bipolar.

While existing UK-wide guidelines, external say doctors should already do this, Smith said updated and better-publicised screening tools are "really important" because research suggests this is routinely not happening.

"It's understandable because GPs are often confronted with depressed patients and therefore they're very focused on diagnosing depression correctly," he said.

"People obviously don't go to the GP and say 'Help doctor, I'm really energetic and I've got lots of ideas and I don't need much sleep.'"

While awareness for the condition has increased in recent years – with high-profile figures like Stephen Fry and Chappell Roan being public in their diagnosis – charity Bipolar UK said too little attention is being paid to the illness, and delayed diagnosis is "costing lives".

Smith said it's important the public knows that bipolar is a "highly manageable" condition when diagnosed, and that people who get proper treatment can "do really well" with normal families and successful careers.

Both Kimberley and Jacqui were prescribed various antidepressant medications over the years to little or no benefit - but never asked if they had experienced mania until they reached the point of hospitalisation.

"It's scary," Kimberley said. "I would never have thought that I would end up behaving in the way that I had, and I can't imagine being that way now."

Now she has the right diagnosis, she said she's doing much better.

She is currently working full-time as an assistant psychologist for the NHS, and hasn't had a manic episode since she was sectioned four years ago.

Jacqui has described the last few years as her "happiest in a long time".

"I've brought up two children with my husband and had a career, but I just now for the first time feel properly me," she said.

"I don't feel embarrassed about my diagnosis like I know some people do.

"I just feel gosh, if I was diabetic, I wouldn't be embarrassed. It's about getting the right help."

If you or someone you know have been affected the issues in the story, you can find more information about organisations that can help at BBC Action Line.