Year later, Gaza ceasefire promises mostly unfulfilled

JERUSALEM: One year after US President Donald Trump declared the war in Gaza to be over, few of the ceasefire's long-term promises have come to fruition.

Here is a list of some of the key points of the Oct 10, 2025, ceasefire and where things stand.

Hostages released, calm in Israel

Three days after the agreement was announced, Hamas freed the 20 remaining living hostages seized during the group's Oct 7, 2023, attack, the deadliest day in Israel's history.

The captives' return was a key priority for Israel, whose public had agonised over their fate.

The ceasefire anniversary also marks one year of quiet for Israel on the Gaza front, with no rocket attacks by Hamas.

The group's missile inventory was depleted by near-constant Israeli bombardment, which damaged or destroyed the vast majority of buildings in the Palestinian territory.

The US military set up a command post with foreign allies near the Gaza border to monitor the truce.

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No Israeli withdrawal or let-up

Israel has reduced the level of its attacks but has continued striking Gaza on a near-daily basis.

Israeli strikes have killed some 1,450 Palestinians since the ceasefire, according to Gaza's health ministry, which operates under Hamas and whose figures are considered accurate by the United Nations.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is in a tight election race, has vowed to kill everyone involved in the Oct7 attack.

Netanyahu said on the attack's anniversary that 4,000 out of 6,000 "Hamas monsters" had been killed.

Israeli forces were allowed to remain in 53 per cent of Gaza under the terms of the ceasefire, but a year later they control about 70 per cent of the territory, according to official accounts.

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Hamas remains, with weapons

The second phase of the agreement was supposed to include a political transition away from Hamas, and technocrat Ali Shaath was appointed head of a new National Committee for the Administration of Gaza (NCAG).

Hamas announced in July that it was disbanding its governing body and handing over Gaza's administration to the US-backed NCAG.

But Hamas effectively remains in charge of security in Gaza, and Shaath has kept a low profile.

The Palestinian Islamist movement elected a new leader, Khalil al-Hayya, in July. Shortly afterwards, the group announced it would give up its weapons, a step hailed by Trump as a breakthrough.

But Israel has been sceptical, with Netanyahu demanding verifiable decommissioning of all weapons, down to individual guns.

Hamas has not proceeded with disarmament, and Israel has refused to reciprocate by beginning to withdraw its forces.

Reconstruction just talk

Trump set up a new global body for the deal, dubbed the "Board of Peace", tapping former British prime minister Tony Blair and Bulgarian diplomat Nickolay Mladenov, who serves as "Gaza high representative", as key figures.

Trump, a critic of foreign aid, promised US$10 billion in US funding to the board he controls in January, and Gulf allies have pledged more, but no money is known to have reached Gaza for reconstruction.

In September, the board proposed a US$2.45 billion Gaza recovery plan at a meeting of its members and stakeholders, in an effort intended to span more than six months.