Millions in cheese revenue lost as protest hits Italy’s buffalo mozzarella output

A truckers’ protest in southern Italy has halted the production of the famed buffalo mozzarella, causing an estimated loss of €3 million (US$3.37 million) in just 24 hours as the milk cannot reach dairies in the Naples region and the finished cheese cannot reach customers, an official said.

The week-long strike by truck drivers over the high cost of diesel driven up by the Iran war has also blocked deliveries of other basic goods to supermarkets and left fuel pumps empty in much of southern Italy.

The government approved new tax breaks for truckers on Thursday, but it was too early to tell whether they were enough to end the protest.

The disruption is particularly damaging to buffalo mozzarella because the production of the protected cheese depends on a tightly timed supply chain.

Buffaloes have to be milked regardless of whether dairies are operating, while production rules require that their milk be turned into mozzarella within 60 hours. Buffalo mozzarella is softer, creamier and richer than cow’s-milk mozzarella.

Pier Maria Saccani, director of the Consortium for the Protection of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP, said that about 1 million litres of buffalo milk produced on Wednesday could not be turned into mozzarella because of the transport blockade.

The consortium oversees production standards and protects the designation of origin of the cheese in Italy and abroad.

“Yesterday, no mozzarella was produced,” Saccani said, explaining it was a “€3 million block in 24 hours”.

Farmers typically have only enough capacity to hold the fresh milk until dairy trucks collect it and cannot store large quantities for extended periods.

“So this blockade has obviously caused panic among farmers, who say, ‘Where are we going to put it?’” Saccani added.

The dairies making mozzarella cannot afford to accumulate a highly perishable product if trucks are unable to deliver it to customers.

Several dairies have remained closed as a result, Saccani said, describing the situation as a “complete production blockade”.

Unlike false claims this summer that production of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese was in crisis due to extreme heat, buffalo mozzarella output is indeed in jeopardy.

During an extraordinary cabinet meeting on Thursday, the Italian government led by Premier Giorgia Meloni approved new measures to help truckers and farmers face higher fuel costs, bringing financial aid to those two groups to a combined €540 million in tax credits, up from €434 million.

Some farmers have resorted to feeding part of the unused milk to their animals because they have nowhere to send it, Saccani said, adding that the transport disruption is also threatening supplies of animal feed and diesel needed to keep farms operating.

“It’s a very, very complex and delicate situation,” he said.

The blockade comes as milk producers and dairies are already confronting higher costs. Saccani said the consortium estimates production costs have risen about 30 per cent, driven by increases in animal feed, diesel, energy, plastic packaging and transport.

The increases have not been fully passed on to customers, he said, leaving producers to absorb much of the additional expense and cutting into profitability across the supply chain.

Buffalo mozzarella is an important industry in the Campania region, where the city of Naples is located, and in neighbouring areas of southern Italy.

Saccani said that in 2025, the production of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP totalled just under 58,000 tonnes, with about 37 per cent of production exported. France is its largest foreign market.