Why poachers are targeting these two indigenous South African plants

The illegal harvesting of two indigenous plant species has landed a poacher in court after 104 specimens were stolen from a Cape nature reserve.

Ashley Dirkse was convicted in the Kuils River Magistrate’s Court on 21 October for stealing the plants from Bracken Nature Reserve on 20 May 2024.

The poacher’s haul included Drimia elata, known locally as ‘jeukbol,’ and Pelargonium triste, or ‘kaneeltjie.’ The City of Cape Town and CapeNature confirmed that the plants and bulbs were returned to the reserve and replanted.

Why these indigenous plants are in high demand

Both indigenous plants have long histories of use in traditional South African medicine and domestic crafts, mainly because of the potent chemical compounds in their underground bulbs and tubers.

These underground storage organs helps them survive unfavourable conditions, but also makes them vulnerable to poaching.

‘Jeukbol’ (Drimia elata) is a ‘red-list’ bulbous perennial flowering plant. According to the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) it remains widespread, but is thought to be declining due to medicinal harvesting.

The bulb of D. elata is actually toxic, but contains cardiac glycosides. Is also has antibacterial, antifungal and other pharmacological properties. It is the third most popular bulbous medicinal plant used in South African traditional therapy.

‘Kaneeltjie’ (Pelargonium triste), also known as night-scented pelargonium, has a large underground tuber and distinctive, carrot-like leaves. Its pale-yellow/ purple flowers release a strong, clove-like fragrance at night.

The plant’s tannin-rich tubers are used in Namaqualand for tanning leather. It has traditional uses too, and infusions from the tubers are used for treating dysentery and diarrhoea. The Pelargonium genus is a garden-worthy plant that is sought after in the international horticultural trade.

Plant poaching threatens SA’s natural heritage

Dirkse was sentenced to an R80 000 fine or two years’ imprisonment, wholly suspended for five years. He was also barred for three years from obtaining permits to enter protected areas or pick flora in the Western Cape.

“Hopefully, this sends out a strong message to poachers,” said Cape Town’s Deputy Mayor Eddie Andrews, who is also the City’s Mayco Member for Spatial Planning and Environment.

“I want to remind the public that it is a crime to remove any plants, animals, rocks, shells, or any natural specimen from our reserves, coastline, and protected areas.”

The City and CapeNature warn that illegal harvesting can damage habitats and undermine indigenous plant populations.

Members of the public can report suspected biodiversity crime to their nearest police station, CapeNature on 087 087 9262, or Crime Stop on 08600 10 111.